Police identified the deceased as Parambrota Mandal, a 17-year-old student from Trilokchandrapur in Kanksa.
He died after falling from a moving train while returning from a visit to Belur Math with his coaching teacher and other students.
The group had taken a Howrah-Bardhaman local train from Belur station to return home.
The incident occurred near the Gangapur Barharda bridge before Bardhaman station, where the student fell and died on the spot.
Bardhaman RPF and GRP personnel recovered the body and sent it to Bardhaman Medical College Hospital.
Police are investigating how and why the student fell, including whether the teacher failed to prevent students from standing at the train gate.
The family and the area have been left in mourning.