Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Minister Md Asaduzzaman made the remarks on Wednesday at a recitation festival and discussion in Dhaka.
He alleged that more than 4,500 people were shot dead without trial over 16 years in incidents described as crossfire.
The minister attributed those killings to the former Awami League government.
He also alleged that more than 700 people were subjected to enforced disappearance during the same period.
He said relatives of those who disappeared were still waiting for their loved ones to return.
Md Asaduzzaman further alleged that more than six million people faced false or fabricated criminal cases over alleged connections with opposition politics.
He alleged that such cases included accusations against deceased people, people performing Hajj and people with disabilities.
The minister described the 2024 July uprising as the outcome of 16 years of struggle, sacrifice and repression.
He said that during the movement from July 15 to August 5, 2024, more than 30,000 people lost hands, legs or eyesight and others survived with bullet injuries.
He said amendments proposed in the first session of the 13th parliament had given recitation institutional recognition alongside dance and music as an artistic medium.