Sheikh Hasina joined a 5 August press conference in New Delhi by audio link and answered questions from journalists.
The event marked the second anniversary of the July uprising that ended her government’s rule.
Home Minister Salahuddin Ahmed questioned why India had allowed Hasina to speak directly to the media.
Ahmed said Hasina had been staying in India since leaving Bangladesh following the uprising and alleged that she was conducting political activity there.
He alleged that the Awami League government committed mass killings during the July movement and said its leaders had not expressed remorse or apologised.
Ahmed said allegations of crimes against humanity involving the Awami League were under investigation and that the party would face proceedings before the International Crimes Tribunal.
Hasina used the appearance to call for the ban on Awami League activities to be withdrawn.
Ahmed said the government did not want to prohibit a political party through executive order and would act in line with any court decision on the Awami League’s activities.
The Foreign Ministry said Bangladesh was angered that Hasina had been permitted to speak directly to the media in New Delhi.
In its statement, the ministry alleged that Hasina and her associates made hostile remarks against Bangladesh and its people.
India said the gathering was privately organised, had no connection to its government and did not represent an endorsement of remarks made there.
Unnamed BNP government officials nevertheless said they believed a press conference of this kind could not have taken place in New Delhi without Indian government support.
Before the event, Bangladesh’s foreign-affairs adviser asked India’s high commissioner for cooperation to prevent Hasina from carrying out political activities in India.
Bangladesh later asked domestic media not to broadcast Hasina’s remarks, citing a court direction, and a government information adviser warned of possible legal action.